
Kidney stones form when minerals in urine crystallise. They can cause severe back or side pain, blood in the urine, nausea and fever.
Prevention starts with hydration — most adults benefit from 2.5 to 3 litres of water a day, more in Prayagraj's summer heat. Reducing excess salt, animal protein and processed foods also lowers stone risk.
Modern treatment options such as RIRS and mini-PCNL use flexible endoscopes and lasers to fragment stones with tiny incisions, letting most patients return home within 24–48 hours.
If you have recurrent flank pain or urinary symptoms, book an assessment with our urology team early — small stones are much easier to manage than large ones.

